The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance (An Empirical Study of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019–2023 Period)

Ni Putu Ari Mirayani; Made Yenni Latrini

doi:10.61132/digitalinnovation.v2i3.450

Authors

Ni Putu Ari Mirayani Universitas Udayana
Made Yenni Latrini Universitas Udayana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/digitalinnovation.v2i3.450

Keywords:

Profitability, Leverage, Capital-Intensity, Tax-Avoidance, Property

Abstract

Tax avoidance is a legal strategy used by companies to minimize their tax burden by exploiting loopholes in tax regulations without violating the law. Although not illegal, this practice may reduce a company’s tax contribution to the state and pose reputational risks. This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability (ROA), leverage (DER), and capital intensity (FAT) on tax avoidance, measured using the Current Effective Tax Rate (CETR), in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. This research adopts a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis processed using SPSS. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The results show that all three independent variables have a significant effect on tax avoidance, supported by significance values below the critical threshold and t-values exceeding the t-table, leading to the acceptance of H1, H2, and H3.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amiah, N. (2022). Profitabilitas, intensitas modal dan penghindaran pajak: Ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 2(1), 63-73.

Aminah, S. N., Hidayati, K., & Wahyuni, S. T. (2017). Analisis program corporate social responsibility terhadap agresivitas pajak pada perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2016. E-Journal Akuntansi “EQUITY”, 3(3), 283-294.

Anthony, R. N., & Govindarajan, V. (2009). Management control system: Sistem pengendalian manajemen (terjemahan F.X. Kurniawan Tjakrawala). Jakarta: Salemba.

Arianandini, P. W., & Ramantha, I. W. (2018). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan kepemilikan institusional pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 22(3), 2088-2116.

Astuti, T. P., & Aryani, Y. A. (2016). Tren penghindaran pajak perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2001-2014. Jurnal Akuntansi, 20(3), 375-388.

Azis, M. T., & Aprilia, R. (2023). The influence of profitability, leverage, and capital intensity on indications of tax avoidance. International Journal of Global Accounting, Management, Education, and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 84-94.

Becik, T. F., Hasanah, N., & Muliasari, I. (2023). The effect of board size, profitability and capital intensity on tax aggressiveness in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. Journal of Management, Accounting, General Finance and International Economic Issues, 2(4), 966-977.

Dewi, F. K., & Triyanto, D. N. (2020). Pengaruh preferensi risiko ekesekutif, capital intensity dan deffered tax expense terhadap tax avoidance: Studi empiris perusahaan sub sektor otomotif dan komponennya yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2014-2018. eProceedings of Management, 7(1).

Dewi, S. L., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2021). Pengaruh leverage, capital intensity, komisaris independen dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance. Akurasi: Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 4(2), 179-194.

Dewinta, I. A. R., & Setiawan, P. E. (2016). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, umur perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan pertumbuhan penjualan terhadap tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 14(3), 1584-1613.

Dwijayani, I. A. R. W., & Latrini, M. Y. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay dengan spesialisasi industri auditor sebagai pemoderasi. Mimbar Administrasi FISIP Untag Semarang, 21(1), 354-379.

Garas, S., & ElMassah, S. (2018). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: The case of GCC countries. Critical perspectives on International Business, 14(1), 2-26.

Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan IBM SPSS 25. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Hartinah, S. (2019). The inﬂuence of the firm size and the cost of debt against tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and good corporate governance (GCG) as the moderate variable. KnE Social Sciences, 377-406.

Hermawan, S., Sudradjat, S., & Amyar, F. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan terhadap tax avoidance perusahaan property dan real estate. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan, 9(2), 359-372.

Hidayat, W. W. (2017). The influence of size, return on equity, and leverage on the disclosure of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Education and Research, 5(8), 57-66.

Jasmine, U., Zirman, Z., & Paulus, S. (2017). Pengaruh leverage, kepelimikan institusonal, ukuran perusahaan, dan profitabilitas terhadap penghindaran pajak: Studi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2012-2014. JOM Fekon, 4(1).

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Dalam Corporate Governance (hlm. 77-132). Gower.

Khoirulloh, H., & Prihandini, W. (2023). The determinants of tax avoidance during the COVID-19 period in the property and real estate industry published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2020-2022. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(4).

Maharani, P. S., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, profitabilitas, capital intensity dan penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(6), 1481-1493.

Mailia, V., & Apollo, A. (2019). Pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial, 1(1), 69-77.

Malinda, C. M., & Pradana, A. W. S. (2022). Profitabilitas dalam memediasi hubungan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32(5), 1224-1237.

Marlinda, D. E., Titisari, K. H., & Masitoh, E. (2020). Pengaruh GCG, profitabilitas, capital intensity, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tax avoidance. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 4(1), 39-47.

Monika, C. M., & Noviari, N. (2021). The effects of financial distress, capital intensity, and audit quality on tax avoidance. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5(6), 282-287.

Nadhifah, M., & Arif, A. (2020). Transfer pricing, thin capitalization, financial distress, earning management, dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance dimoderasi oleh sales growth. Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti, 7(2), 145-170.

Napitupulu, H. E., & Latrini, M. Y. (2022). Pengaruh financial distress, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, opini audit sebelumnya pada opini audit going concern. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32(6), 1565-1577.

Nugrahadi, E. W., & Rinaldi, M. (2021, Februari). The effect of capital intensity and inventory intensity on tax avoidance at food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Dalam International Conference on Strategic Issues of Economics, Business and, Education (ICoSIEBE 2020) (hlm. 221-225). Atlantis Press.

Pangaribuan, H., Fernando HB, J., Agoes, S., Sihombing, J., & Sunarsi, D. (2021). The financial perspective study on tax avoidance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 4(3), 4998-5009.

Permana, N., Yulianti, G., & Kusumah, R. N. (2022). Analisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan profitabilitas tehadap penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance: Studi empiris pada perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2019. Studia Ekonomika, 20(1), 25-49.

Prasatya, R. E., Mulyadi, J. M. V., & Suyanto, S. (2020). Karakter eksekutif, profitabilitas, leverage, dan komisaris independen terhadap tax avoidance dengan kepemilikan institusional sebagai variabel moderasi. JRAP (Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Perpajakan), 7(02), 153-162.

Rahmadani, F. N. U., Muda, I., & Abubakar, E. (2020). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, dan manajemen laba terhadap penghindaran pajak dimoderasi oleh political connection. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 8(2), 375-392.

Rani, S., Zuliyana, M., & Effendi, R. (2023). The effect of profitability and leverage on tax avoidance moderated by firm size: Evidence from property and real estate companies in Indonesia. Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis (FABA), 5(2), 147-158.

Rankin, M., Ferlauto, K., McGowan, S. C., & Stanton, P. A. (2012). Contemporary issues in accounting. Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia.

Riskatari, N. K. R., & Jati, I. K. (2020). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(4), 886-896.

Salihi, S. S., Rasit, R., & Jamidin, J. (2023). Pengaruh profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 8(1), 30-43.

Sastrawan, I. P., & Latrini, M. Y. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap audit report lag pada perusahaan manufaktur. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 17(1), 311-337.

Sonia, S., & Suparmun, H. (2019, Februari). Factors influencing tax avoidance. Dalam 5th Annual International Conference on Accounting Research (AICAR 2018) (hlm. 238-243). Atlantis Press.

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Tersiana, A. (2018). Metode penelitian. Jakarta: Anak Hebat Indonesia.

Utami, A. R., & Danarsari, D. N. (2023). The influence of company size, leverage, sales growth, and financial distress on tax avoidance moderated by independent commissioners in property and real estate sector companies listed on IDX in 2019-2022. Eduvest: Journal of Universal Studies, 3(12).

Wulandari, Y., & Maqsudi, A. (2019). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan pertumbuhan penjualan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor food & beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2018. JEA17: Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi, 4(2).

Zaldin, A., & Wijanarko, H. M. R. (2023). The effect of leverage, profitability, sales growth, and capital intensity on tax avoidance in property and real estate companies. Journal of E-business and Management Science, 1(2), 126