The Effect of Liquidity, Capital Adequacy, Operational Risk, and Credit Risk on Profitability

A Study on Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Authors

  • Komang Karina Pramesti Udayana University
  • I Gde Kajeng Baskara Udayana University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/digitalinnovation.v2i3.401

Keywords:

Liquidity, Capital Adequacy, Operational Risk, Credit Risk, Profitability

Abstract

Profitability represents a bank's capability to evaluate how effectively its management generates profits. This study seeks to explore and determine the influence of liquidity, capital adequacy, operational risk, and credit risk on bank profitability. The research focuses on banking institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2021–2023 period. The study utilizes quantitative data obtained from secondary sources, specifically financial statements published by the respective banks. A total of 32 banks were selected as research samples through purposive sampling. The study adopts a non-participant observation approach, and the data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that liquidity has a positive yet statistically insignificant effect on profitability, capital adequacy has a significant negative effect, operational risk shows a negative but non-significant influence, and credit risk has a significant negative impact on bank profitability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adhim, M. (2018). Credit risk and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Finance and Banking, 12(2), 45–56.

Anggari, N., & Dana, I. (2020). Loan to deposit ratio and bank performance. Journal of Economics and Business Research, 8(1), 33–42.

Anggraini, N., Firmanila, R., & Lee, J. (2022). Operational efficiency and profitability in Asian banks. International Journal of Banking Studies, 14(3), 112–125.

Anisa, R., & Anwar, S. (2021). Capital adequacy and profitability: Evidence from Indonesian banks. Journal of Financial Studies, 9(2), 77–89.

Anwar, S. (2019). Liquidity management in banking institutions. Indonesian Journal of Economics, 7(1), 21–30.

Aulia, R., & Anwar, S. (2021). Profitability and sustainability in banking. Journal of Business and Finance, 10(2), 55–67.

Aztari, R., & Idayati, N. (2023). Liquidity and credit risk on profitability. Journal of Banking Research, 15(1), 88–99.

Budiadnyani, N., & Arlita, D. (2023). Capital adequacy and financial resilience. Journal of Financial Management, 11(3), 101–115.

Claudia, M. (2022). Credit risk management and profitability. International Journal of Finance, 13(2), 65–78.

Dali, R., & Bokiu, A. (2023). Liquidity and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Economics and Finance, 14(2), 99–110.

Darma, Y., Susilowati, R., & Nuryanto, A. (2021). Liquidity and profitability: A case study. Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(4), 211–225.

Dewi, K., & Badjra, I. (2020). Liquidity and profitability in Indonesian commercial banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 8(2), 45–56.

Dwintama, R., et al. (2021). Capital adequacy and investor confidence. Journal of Financial Regulation, 9(1), 33–44.

Firmanila, R. (2023). Operational efficiency and profitability. Asian Journal of Finance, 12(1), 77–89.

Hariemufti, A., et al. (2016). Credit risk and bank performance. Journal of Risk Management, 6(2), 33–44.

Hediati, R., et al. (2021). Capital adequacy and profitability. Journal of Banking Studies, 9(1), 55–67.

Iswandi, H. (2020). Ratio analysis in financial performance evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 8(2), 44–53.

Izuddin, M. (2020). Return on assets as a measure of profitability. Journal of Financial Analysis, 7(1), 22–31.

Josefin, L., et al. (2024). Non-performing loans and profitability. International Journal of Banking and Finance, 16(1), 101–118.

Karolina, S., et al. (2020). Operational costs and profitability. Journal of Business Economics, 8(3), 77–89.

Kessek, A., et al. (2024). Capital adequacy and lending constraints. Journal of Financial Studies, 12(2), 55–70.

Khasanah, N., et al. (2022). Operational risk and efficiency. Journal of Banking Research, 14(2), 88–99.

Lee, J., et al. (2023). Operational efficiency in Asian banks. International Journal of Finance and Banking, 15(1), 33–47.

Muttaqim, A., et al. (2022). Financial statement analysis in banking. Journal of Accounting Research, 10(2), 55–67.

Ningsih, R., & Manda, S. (2021). Profitability as a measure of bank performance. Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(1), 22–33.

Nuryanto, A., et al. (2020). Liquidity and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Banking Studies, 8(2), 44–56.

Obim, C., & Mgbado, J. (2020). Liquidity and profitability: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Finance, 12(1), 33–45.

OJK. (2016). Regulation No. 18/POJK.03/2016 on liquidity management. Jakarta: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.

OJK. (2020). Regulation No. 12/POJK.03/2020 on minimum core capital. Jakarta: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.

Putri, A., et al. (2021). Credit risk and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Banking and Finance, 11(2), 77–89.

Riani, D., et al. (2022). Non-performing loans and profitability. Journal of Economics and Business, 10(1), 55–67.

Safei, M. (2020). Operational costs and profitability. Journal of Business Studies, 8(1), 33–44.

Saleh, R., & Winarso, B. (2021). Credit risk and profitability. Journal of Finance and Banking, 10(2), 55–67.

Silitonga, R., & Manda, S. (2022). Non-performing loans and profitability. Journal of Banking Research, 13(1), 88–99.

Sudarsana, I., & Suarjaya, I. (2019). Liquidity and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(2), 33–45.

Sumarni, D., et al. (2023). Liquidity and profitability in Indonesian banks. Journal of Banking Studies, 15(1), 55–67.

Supartoyo, Y., et al. (2018). Banking sector and regional economic growth. Journal of Economics and Development, 6(2), 33–44.

Suraya, N., & Rismanty, R. (2023). Capital adequacy and profitability. Journal of Financial Studies, 11(1), 45–56.

Suroso, H. (2022). Capital adequacy and resilience. Journal of Banking Regulation, 9(2), 33–44.

Susilowati, R., et al. (2019). Liquidity and profitability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 8(1), 22–33.

Sugiartha, I., et al. (2021). Operational risk and profitability. Journal of Risk Management, 9(2), 55–67.

Trisnayanti, N., & Wiagustini, N. (2022). Liquidity and business continuity. Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(1), 33–44.

Ulfa, R. (2020). Loan to deposit ratio and profitability. Journal of Banking Studies, 8(2), 55–67.

Wicaksana, I., & Ramantha, I. (2019). Operational risk and profitability. Journal of Economics and Business, 7(1), 33–44.

Widyastuti, R., & Aini, N. (2021). Liquidity and profitability. Journal of Banking Research, 9(2), 44–56.

Yuniar, R., & Manda, S. (2021). Capital adequacy and operational risk. Journal of Finance and Banking, 11(1), 33–44.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-09

How to Cite

Komang Karina Pramesti, & I Gde Kajeng Baskara. (2025). The Effect of Liquidity, Capital Adequacy, Operational Risk, and Credit Risk on Profitability: A Study on Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Digital Innovation : International Journal of Management, 2(3), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.61132/digitalinnovation.v2i3.401